These pulses are known as 'sferics' and are capable of travelling great distances because they are reflected between the surface of the Earth and a layer of the upper atmosphere called the ionosphere - in a similar way to light travelling within a fibre optic cable.Īn individual sensor is able to detect a sferic, but in order to determine a thunderstorm's exact location, a network of sensors is required (e.g. the ATDnet system network of 11 sensors positioned around the world). When a strike occurs, the network of sensors will pick up the sferic at slightly different times and through a technique known multi-lateration these readings can be used to determine the exact location of the thunderstorm. The difference in the time taken for the sferic to reach one sensor relative to another is called the ATD (Arrival Time Difference). When lightning strikes it sends out pulses of radio waves and these can be used to detect lighting strokes. The Met Office ATDnet system detects these pulses at a frequency known as VLF (Very Low Frequency) - much lower frequency than normal radio waves. These include intense rain and tornadoes. Detecting lightningīeing able to detect the location of thunderstorms is of great importance as it is not only the lightning strike that is dangerous, but many other factors linked to thunderstorms. When positive lighting strikes it is forced to go around the negatively charged base of the cloud, this generally results in a more powerful lighting strike which shoots out sideways and sometimes can travel a mile more away from the storm cloud before connecting with the ground. The nature of this type of lightning strike is where get the term 'a bolt from the blue'. Most lightning strikes originate from the negative part of a cloud, however occasionally a strike can come from the positively charged top part - this is called 'positive lightning'. The term lightning 'strike' refers to cloud-to-ground lightning, where lightning 'strikes' the ground. A lightning flash is what you can see, but this is often made up of several individual lighting strokes which are pulses of current which occur separately if though only hundredths of a second apart. ![]() Lightning flashes and lightning strikesĪlthough often assumed to be the same thing, there is a key distinction between lightning flashes and lighting strikes. As the attraction between the cloud and the ground grows stronger, electrons shoot down from the cloud cutting through the air at around 270,000 miles per hour. This leaves the ground and the objects on it with a positive charge. The path they make in doing so forms the channel we see during a flash of lightning.Īs negative charge builds at the base of the cloud, the electrons near the ground's surface are repelled. If the attraction is strong enough, the electrons will rapidly move towards the positive atoms. As well as being attracted to the positive charge in the top of the cloud, the surplus of electrons in the cloud base are attracted to positive charge in other clouds and on the ground. ![]() ![]() The hail continues to fall through in the lower part of the cloud, giving it a negative charge. The updraughts continue to carry the ice particles upwards, giving the top of the cloud a positive charge. During these collisions, electrons are transferred to the hail giving the hail a negative charge, while the ice particles that have lost electrons gain a positive charge. Some of the hail that forms becomes too heavy to be propelled by the updraughts and so begin to fall back through the cloud, bumping into smaller ice particles as they do so. Some of the pieces of ice grow into hail, but others remain very small. The Weather Channel app, which just received an update for Apple Watch support over the weekend, is available on the App Store.As tiny water droplets form inside a storm cloud, they are propelled towards the top of the cloud by strong internal winds (updraughts) where they turn to ice. By combining the most accurate forecasts and weather data from The Weather Channel with real-time notifications, users have the information they need to get outside, stay safe and make the most of the weather. In the app, users can set up fully customizable notifications based on personal preferences so they receive the exact alerts that are relevant to them, whether they are at home or on-the-go. The Weather Channel® today announced the launch of real-time rain and lightning alerts on iOS, Android and Apple Watch. ![]() The Weather Channel app is today bringing new real-time alerts for rain, snow, and lightning strikes to both iOS devices and the Apple Watch.įor rain and snow alerts, the app will be offering up what the company says are “exact, to-the-minute timing of when rain or snow will start based on their GPS location,” while the app will also notify users of lightning strikes nearby with a new lightning map layer.
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